![Overhead view of moravian sugar cake](https://www.seriouseats.com/thmb/gYkj0psP1FF6gsl4S51iEFLC4k4=/4000x3000/20240827-SEA-MoravianSugarCake-LorenaMasso-hero-05834b7fe06445bcb2abe2ae15d72347.jpg)
Soon after beginning my research for this recipe, an email with the subject line “Moravian Sugar Cake” appeared in my inbox. I opened the message from my friend Nan to find a scanned handwritten recipe for Moravian sugar cake from an acquaintance who happened to be a member of the Lilitz Moravian Church in Lilitz, Pennsylvania. Vague instructions—“pat lightly,” “hole it,” and “put more butter”—were scrawled across a sheet of ruled notebook paper. “This is the old stand-by when the congregation bakes sugar cakes to sell,” Nan wrote.
Drenched in butter and topped with cinnamon sugar, the cake, which is made from an enriched yeasted dough, is often described in cookbooks as a "yeast-raised coffee cake," and though it has a cinnamon sugar topping that’s reminiscent of coffee cake, it’s slightly chewier, with a dimpled pattern that brings focaccia to mind. The sweet is a staple at church fundraisers in Pennsylvania, with many bakers relying on decades-old recipes like the one I received. Though Moravian sugar cakes are especially popular at Christmastime, churches and bakeries in Pennsylvania and North Carolina make and sell the cakes year-round.
A Brief History of Moravian Sugar Cake
In a 2019 edition of The Morning Call, Paul Peucker, a historian and archivist for the Moravian Archives in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, tells journalist Jennifer Sheehan that Moravian sugar cake recipes have been around for at least 100 years—and likely even longer than that. Though no one knows for sure, it’s possible the cake arrived with Moravians in the mid-1700s, when they made their way from Moravia and Bohemia (now the Czech Republic) to America. They settled in Bethlehem, Lilitz, Hope, and Nazareth in Pennsylvania, as well as Bethabara in North Carolina, an area around present-day Winston-Salem where many Moravians still reside today.
The sugar cake is a part of many Moravian celebrations, including “schmaus,” a meal that takes place after Moravians decorate their church for Christmas. The cake is also a mainstay at love feasts, Moravian church services with songs and devotion that are accompanied by baked goods, coffee, and chocolate milk.
According to a popular local folktale, Moravian men once scrutinized the thumbs of potential partners before they proposed: Bigger thumbs meant sugar cakes with deeper dimples, allowing for more butter and sugar to soak into the pastry, making it even more delicious. I promise, however, that it’s possible to make an excellent Moravian sugar cake regardless of the size of your thumbs. Here’s how.
![Side view of moravian sugar cake](https://www.seriouseats.com/thmb/ysJKTbqodVmUvKWCqn0MpG89OKo=/2250x3000/20240827-SEA-MoravianSugarCake-LorenaMasso-28-c8dbc6c6b22947218909ec663fe6d805.jpg)
How to Make Moravian Sugar Cake
Mashed potatoes are essential. Sugar cake doughs typically include flour, granulated sugar, yeast, eggs, and—perhaps in a surprising twist—mashed potatoes. Though it’s unclear why potatoes were originally included, Sheehan notes it’s possible that potatoes, which contain plenty of starch and sugar, were used to “boost the growth of yeast,” helping the dough rise faster. The potato also adds moisture to the dough, and its starchiness gives the cake its soft, slightly chewy texture.
A few recipes call for from-scratch mashed potatoes, but today, most bakers reach for instant mashed potatoes. "Although my mother used mashed potatoes and potato water [the water drained and reserved after boiling fresh potatoes], I use instant mashed potatoes," says Pennsylvanian Pat Dimmick in Betty Groff's Pennsylvania Dutch Cookbook. "I am convinced that if earlier Moravians had instant potatoes, they'd have used them, too!"
Though my recipe below calls for boiling and mashing a potato, instant mashed potatoes are a great substitute if you want to save yourself the time and effort. And if you have leftover mashed potatoes? Feel free to incorporate them into the dough. Just be sure to avoid excessively seasoned potatoes, otherwise you may end up with garlicky Moravian sugar cake.
Use a stand mixer. The most important thing to remember about this recipe is that you are not making bread. This dough will not form a firm, elastic ball, pull away from the sides of the bowl, or pass a windowpane test. Instead, the dough will resemble a soft, stretchy cake batter that remains tacky after mixing, and will stick to the mixer hook. Resist the urge to add extra flour or you’ll find yourself with actual bread instead of cake.
Because the dough is so sticky, it’s easiest to prepare this dough in a stand mixer. If you don’t have a mixer, though, you can use a bench scraper to mix the dough and pull it up the sides of the bowl, an action that serves as a makeshift mixer, moving in a way that allows some gluten development without the mess of kneading the super-sticky dough by hand. Just follow my instructions in the notes below.
Proof the dough—and keep an eye on it. As the dough proofs, the yeast consumes the starches and sugars, releasing carbon dioxide that then helps it further rise in the oven. Keep an eye on it, though, as over-proofing (which happens when the dough has fermented for too long) can result in your cake failing to rise—or briefly rising and then collapsing—when you bake it. To check if your dough is ready, wet your finger slightly and press it into the dough. It should leave an indentation and spring back slowly. If it springs back immediately, give it a few more minutes and then test it again.
Create dimples with your fingers. To create the cake’s signature dimples, I dip my fingers in melted butter, then gently press them into the dough. You don’t want to press all the way down—just deep enough to create little pockets for the butter and sugar topping. (As the cake bakes, the smell of cinnamon sugar will permeate your home, which is reason enough to make this.)
![Overhead view of dimpling cake with sugar](https://www.seriouseats.com/thmb/l6bzdbzlPuj5hKYV9gXnbOlEsZc=/3999x3000/20240827-SEA-MoravianSugarCake-LorenaMasso-19-0cd5f2845183422887040382fd9c3c09.jpg)
Drench the cake in butter. The most important ingredient after potatoes? Butter—lots and lots of it—in both the dough and topping. There are multiple approaches to incorporating the butter into the cake’s topping; some bakers apply it with a pastry brush, while others place half-inch cubes of cold butter in the dimples. Some cooks scatter freeform chunks and pieces of butter over the surface of the dough.
Each of these methods yields a slightly different result; my preferred method is to drizzle melted butter over the unbaked dough. After filling the cake’s dimples with the cinnamon sugar mixture, I use a spouted measuring cup to slowly pour melted butter over the dough, including the cinnamon sugar–filled indentations. As the cake bakes, the butter and sugar come together to form satisfyingly crunchy tunnels in the dough.
![Overhead view of moravian sugar cake](https://www.seriouseats.com/thmb/K89gXBgNLYGTN9PonwGmHIJR514=/4000x3000/20240827-SEA-MoravianSugarCake-LorenaMasso-31-ca5a26155f3a4dfeb5389d5fed212a95.jpg)
How to Serve Moravian Sugar Cake
I sampled this cake at every possible temperature—at this point I'm pretty sure my body composition is roughly 75% butter—and think it tastes best while slightly warm. Enjoy it as breakfast, an afternoon snack, or dessert with coffee or tea.
Place cut potato in a medium saucepan and cover with cold water. Set saucepan over medium-high heat and bring to a boil, then reduce heat to a gentle simmer. Cook until potatoes are tender, about 20 minutes. Using a colander, drain potatoes. Set a ricer over now-empty pot and pass potatoes through; set aside. (See notes.)
![Two image collage of potatoes cooking and going through a ricer](https://www.seriouseats.com/thmb/R2ARFgf81pMKPw7UvOyid4XUHqc=/3000x4000/20240827-SEA-MoravianSugarCake-LorenaMasso-step1-1ec867415dd94fa2a8ab14ca69608392.jpg)
Butter an 8- by 8-inch square aluminum baking pan and a large bowl.
![Overhead view of greased pan](https://www.seriouseats.com/thmb/pbRiYsHmUYhgleCQ9i3KcJkY4KQ=/3999x3000/20240827-SEA-MoravianSugarCake-LorenaMasso-step2-8ba33cc3ae4e4229957606dde4dc04d2.jpg)
For the Dough: In a medium bowl, whisk flour and yeast to combine; set aside.
![Overhead view of yeast in flour](https://www.seriouseats.com/thmb/Hgjt2oF-5rIk_J5g1Jit3yzw2YI=/4000x2999/20240827-SEA-MoravianSugarCake-LorenaMasso-step3-c1f2952264d04d35a5cd7482ac634939.jpg)
In the bowl of a stand mixer, whisk sugar, water, potatoes, butter, egg, and salt to combine. Add flour and yeast mixture and, using a bench scraper, bring ingredients together and gently knead until a lumpy paste forms, about 10 seconds.
![Two image collage of ingedients in mixer bowl and dough formed](https://www.seriouseats.com/thmb/59pQvs9d7s6nxbVMaumkx4264h4=/3000x4000/20240827-SEA-MoravianSugarCake-LorenaMasso-step4-409e0ae8db9f48b9834df9a787d45215.jpg)
In a stand mixer fitted with dough hook attachment, mix dough on medium speed, scraping down sides of bowl as needed, until a sticky dough forms, about 5 minutes. (The dough will cling to the hook and sides of the bowl and resemble a soft, stretchy cake batter.) See notes below for instructions for making the dough by hand.
![Overhead view of dough sticking to dough hook](https://www.seriouseats.com/thmb/PCCO-ALbhxyC2PSjbFHw2yffW08=/3999x3000/20240827-SEA-MoravianSugarCake-LorenaMasso-step5-e7d0a13020c44dc5818b749b0ad63316.jpg)
Using nonstick cooking spray, grease bench scraper. Use greased bench scraper to turn dough out into prepared bowl. Cover tightly with plastic wrap and allow dough to rise at room temperature until doubled in size, 1 1/2 to 2 hours.
![Overhead view of cake batter proofed](https://www.seriouseats.com/thmb/3KbYJmRxCmyG2bbqFgm1w6N6qO8=/3999x3000/20240827-SEA-MoravianSugarCake-LorenaMasso-step6-20cdeb83aea34a5c90fb9764e0bf8df2.jpg)
Using a greased bench scraper or greased hands, transfer dough to prepared baking pan. Gently press dough into prepared pan. Grease a piece of plastic wrap large enough to cover the baking pan; cover with plastic wrap, greased side down, and allow dough to rise until puffy and doubled in size, 45 minutes to 1 hour.
![Two image collage of adding batter to greased pan and dough proofed](https://www.seriouseats.com/thmb/5arRlmZQFKABP_z1QsBqFp1CUqc=/3000x4000/20240827-SEA-MoravianSugarCake-LorenaMasso-step7-4e8f6eda6f3f4c8f8fcbfbc1f9a2f602.jpg)
Adjust oven rack to middle position and preheat oven to 375°F (190°C).
For the Topping: In a small bowl, whisk brown sugar and cinnamon to combine. Dip fingertips in melted butter and make 25 to 30 deep indentations in the dough. Fill each indentation with a generous pinch of the sugar mixture, then press down gently with your index finger. Sprinkle dough with remaining sugar mixture. Drizzle thin rows of melted butter in a criss-cross pattern over dough, avoiding large pools or puddles as much as possible.
![Four image collage of dimpling cake and adding sugar and butter](https://www.seriouseats.com/thmb/9daDm5k9Yu9b_QduYI-xQup-Pyg=/4000x3000/20240827-SEA-MoravianSugarCake-LorenaMasso-step8-2d72753a4e11450da54cebbcfbb11cc9.jpg)
Bake in preheated oven until dough is a deep golden brown with crisp corners, 27 to 30 minutes. Remove cake from oven and let sit in pan on a wire rack until just cool enough to remove, about 20 minutes. Run a butter knife or an offset spatula around the edges of the pan and turn cake out onto wire rack and let cool until just slightly warm, about 30 minutes. Use a serrated knife to slice into squares. Serve warm.
![Overhead view of moravian sugar cake on wire rack](https://www.seriouseats.com/thmb/ZFaFDwLDC1QlYn2wVgYF5ju_d2A=/4000x3000/20240827-SEA-MoravianSugarCake-LorenaMasso-step9-626c726edce94638b9c12d970e47301d.jpg)
Special Equipment
Medium saucepan, ricer, 8- by 8-inch aluminum baking pan, stand mixer, bench scraper, wire rack, butter knife or offset spatula
Notes
To use instant mashed potatoes, prepare them according to directions on box. Measure out 1/4 cup mashed potatoes (2 ounces; 60g) and proceed with recipe.
If using a potato masher, place potato in a medium bowl and mash with a potato masher until smooth. (Pass potato through a fine-mesh sieve to smooth out lumps if necessary.)
To use active dry yeast: Add water to the bowl of a stand mixer. Sprinkle yeast, along with a pinch of granulated sugar and let sit until bubbly, 5 to 10 minutes. Whisk in sugar, potatoes, butter, egg, and salt. Add flour and proceed with recipe as written.
To make the dough by hand: In a medium bowl, whisk flour and yeast to combine. In a large bowl, whisk sugar, water, potatoes, butter, egg, and salt to combine. Add flour and yeast mixture and use a bench scraper to combine. Use scraper to spread dough up sides of bowl, then bring back together in the middle. Repeat until a sticky, stretchy dough forms, about 5 minutes. Tip dough into clean, buttered bowl to rise.
The cake will fall apart if you remove it immediately after baking, but will stick to the pan if completely cool. To remove, flip upside-down onto a plate, then onto a wire rack.
Make-Ahead and Storage
Moravian sugar cake is best on the day it is made. Wrap leftover cake tightly in plastic wrap and store at room temperature for up to 1 day.